1. Izugbe
A na-eji valves nke usoro a emechi ma ọ bụ mepe pipeline na sistemụ pipeline iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ nke usoro ahụ.
2. Nkọwa ngwaahịa
2.1Technique chọrọ
2.1.1 Chepụta ma rụpụta: API600 、 API603 、 ASME B16.34 、 BS1414
2.1.2 Njikọ njedebe akụkụ : ASME B16.5 、 ASME B16.47 、 ASME B16.25
2.1.3 Ihu ihu ma ọ bụ na njedebe na njedebe : ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Nnyocha na ule : API 598 、 API600
2.1.5 Ọnụọgụ nha : MPS2 ″ ~ 48 , ominal Niile ọnụ kenye ọkwa : Class150 ~ 2500
2.2 Valves nke usoro a bụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka (nke a na-arụ site na aka aka ma ọ bụ igbe gear) ọnụ ụzọ ámá valvụ nwere njedebe na njedebe na njedebe ịgbado ọkụ. Mgbe ị na-atụgharị wiilị ụkwụ aka na ntanetị, ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-ada iji mechie pipeline; mgbe ị na-atụgharị wiilị aka na-agagharị na ntanetị, ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-ebili iji mepee pipeline.
2.3 Ihe owuwu ahụ Fig 1, 2and3.
2.4 Edere aha na akụrụngwa nke isi akụkụ na Table 1.
Isiokwu 1)
Aha Aha |
Ihe onwunwe |
Ahụ na mma |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
Ọnụ ụzọ |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
oche |
ASTM A105 、 ASTM A350 LF2 、 F11 、 F22 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L 、 TM ASTM A182 F316 (316L ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel |
azuokokoosisi |
ASTM A182 F6a 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L ASTM A182 F316 (316L 、 TM ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel |
Mbukota |
Braid graphite na mgbanwe graphite 、 PTFE |
Stud / aku |
ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H 、 ASTM L320 L7 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B16 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B8 / A194 8 、 ASTM A193 B8M / A194 8M |
Gasket |
304 (316) + Ihe esere ese 、 304 (316) 、 has.C-4 、 Monel 、 B462 |
Oche mgbanaka / Disc / na-ebupụta |
13Cr 、 18Cr-8Ni 、 18Cr-8Ni-Mo 、 NiCu alloy 、 25Cr-20Ni 、 STL |
3. Nchekwa, mmezi, Ntinye na ọrụ
3.1 Nchekwa na mmezi
3.1.1 A ga-echekwa valvụ ahụ n'ime ụlọ akọrọ nke ọma. Ekwesịrị iji ihe mkpuchi mechie njedebe ya.
3.1.2 A ga-enyocha ma kpochaa valvụ n'okpuru nchekwa oge oge niile, ọkachasị nhicha nke ihu oche iji gbochie mmebi, na ebe ndị gwụchara kwesịrị iji mmanụ nchara na-egbochi mmanụ.
3.1.3 Ọ bụrụ na oge nchekwa gafere ọnwa 18, a ga-anwale valves na ndekọ kwesịrị.
3.1.4 Akwụnye valves kwesịrị ka enyocha ma rụzie ya mgbe niile. Isi nlekọta nlekọta gụnyere ihe ndị a:
1) Ihuchi ihu
2) Valve stem na valvụ azuokokoosisi nut.
3) mbukota.
4) Ighapu ahihia n'elu elu nke valvụ na valvụ valvụ
3.2 Ntinye
Tupu echichi, jide n'aka na njirimara valvụ (dịka ihe atụ, DN, 3.2.1PN na ihe onwunwe) akara dị ka usoro pipeline chọrọ.
3.2.2 Tupu echichi, jiri nlezianya lelee oghere valvụ na ihu akara. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere unyi ọ bụla, hichaa ya nke ọma.
3.2.3 Tupu echichi, gbaa mbọ hụ na ejiri ihe niile rụọ ihe niile.
3.2.4 Tupu echichi, gbaa mbọ hụ na a na-ejikọchi mbukota. Otú ọ dị, mmegharị nke valvụ valvụ ekwesịghị inye nsogbu.
3.2.5 Ebe ntinye nke valvụ kwesịrị ịkwado nyocha na ịrụ ọrụ. Ọnọdụ kachasị mma kwesịrị ịbụ na pipeline ahụ kwụ ọtọ, aka aka dị n’elu, na mpịakọta valvụ bụ vetikal.
3.2.6 Maka valvụ mechiri emechi, ọ gaghị adabara ịwụnye ya na ebe nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ buru oke ibu iji zere mmebi nke valvụ.
3.2.7 Ogwe ndị a kwadoro welded ga-ọ dịkarịa ala mezuo ihe ndị a chọrọ mgbe a na-agbanye ha maka ntinye na usoro pipeline na saịtị:
1) eldgbado ọkụ kwesịrị ịrụ site na welder onye nwere asambodo asambodo welder nke ndị ọrụ nchịkwa steeti na ndị na-arụ ọrụ nrụgide kwadoro; ma ọ bụ welder onye nwetara akwụkwọ iru eru nke welder akọwapụtara na ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) ịgbado ọkụ usoro parameters ga-ahọrọ dị ka kpọmkwem na àgwà nkwa ntuziaka nke ịgbado ọkụ ihe.
3) Ihe mejupụtara kemịkal, arụmọrụ igwe na nrụrụ corrosion nke igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ịgbado ọkụ kwesịrị dakọtara na isi igwe.
3.2.8 A na-ejikarị valvụ arụnyere, nnukwu nrụgide n'ihi nkwado, ngwa na ọkpọkọ kwesịrị izere.
3.2.9 Mgbe etinyere ya, n'oge ule nrụgide nke usoro pipeline, a ga-emepe valvụ ahụ kpamkpam.
3.2.10 Iburu isi: ọ bụrụ na pipeline nwere ike zuru oke iburu arọ valvụ na arụ ọrụ, mgbe ahụ, enweghị isi ebe achọrọ, ma ọ bụghị na valvụ kwesịrị inwe ebe.
3.2.11 Na-ebuli: ejirila mgbatị aka bulie ma bulie valvụ.
3.3 Ọrụ ma jiri
3.3.1 N'oge oge ọrụ, a ga-emeghe ma ọ bụ mechie ọnụ ụzọ ámá valị n'ụzọ zuru ezu iji zere mmebi elu nke mgbanaka oche na ọnụ ụzọ valvụ n'ihi oke ọsọ ọsọ. Enweghi ike iji ya mezie ikike igba.
3.3.2 Mgbe mepee ma ọ bụ mechie valvụ ahụ, jiri wiil aka ma ọ bụ jiri ihe mkpuchi ọzọ.
3.3.3 Na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ, jide n'aka na nrụgide ozugbo ga-adị ala karịa oge 1.1 na nrụgide nrụgide nke nrụgide-nrụpụta okpomọkụ na ASME B16.34.
Ekwesịrị itinye ihe enyemaka enyemaka nchekwa na pipeline iji gbochie nrụgide ọrụ nke valvụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ site na ịfefe nrụgide kachasị ekwe.
3.3.5 A na-amachibido valve na ihe ijuanya mgbe a na-ebugharị, ntinye na oge ọrụ.
3.3.6 Mbibi nke mmiri na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwarụ nke mmiri mmiri nwere ike ime ka mgbasawanye olu ma duga na ịrị elu nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ, si otú ahụ mebie valvụ ma na-eme ka ọ ghara ịmịcha, ya mere, jiri akụrụngwa kwesịrị ekwesị iji kpochapụ ma ọ bụ belata ihe ndị nwere ike ịkpata mmebi ahụ. nke ọmụmụ.
3.3.7 Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ahụ bụ condensate, nke a ga-emetụta arụmọrụ valvụ, jiri ihe atụ kwesịrị ekwesị iji belata okpomọkụ nke mmiri ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji kwado ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke mmiri ahụ) ma ọ bụ jiri ụdị valvụ ọzọ dochie ya.
3.3.8 Maka mmiri ọkụ na-afụ ọkụ, jiri akụrụngwa kwesịrị ekwesị iji mee ka ọnọdụ ikuku na nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ ghara gafere ebe mgbanye aka ya (ọkachasị mara anwụ ma ọ bụ ọkụ mpụga).
3.3.9 N'ihe banyere mmiri dị egwu, dịka ihe mgbawa, na-agbanye ọkụ. Mgbu, ngwaahịa oxidation, amachibidoro iji dochie ngwugwu na nrụgide (ọ bụ ezie na valvụ nwere ọrụ dị otú ahụ).
3.3.10 Jide n'aka na mmiri ahụ adịghị ọcha, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ valvụ, enweghị ihe siri ike, ma ọ bụghị na a ga-eji ihe eji atụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji wepu unyi na ihe siri ike, ma ọ bụ jiri ụdị valvụ ọzọ dochie ya.
3.3.11 Ekwe na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ:
Ihe onwunwe |
okpomọkụ |
Ihe onwunwe |
okpomọkụ |
ASTM A216 WCB |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC6 |
-29 ~ 538 ℃ |
ASTM A352 LCB |
-46 ~ 343 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC9 |
–29 ~ 570 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF3 (CF3M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
ASTM A494 CW-2M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF8 (CF8M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
Monel |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CN7M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
- |
3.3.12 Jide n'aka na ihe onwunwe nke valvụ ahụ dị mma maka ojiji na gburugburu ebe obibi corrosion na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nchara.
3.3.13 N'ime oge ọrụ, nyochaa ịrụ ọrụ akara na tebụl n'okpuru:
Ebe nyocha |
Leak |
Njikọ dị n'etiti ahụ valvụ na ọkpụkpụ |
Efu |
Mbukota akara |
Efu |
Ogwe valvụ |
Dịka nkọwapụta ọrụ aka ọ bụla |
3.3.14 Na-elele anya mkpuchi nke mgbe niile. Mbukota nká na mmebi. Mee mmezi ma ọ bụ dochie oge ma ọ bụrụ na achọtara ihe akaebe.
3.3.15 Mgbe emezigharị, weghachite ma dozie valvụ ahụ, arụmọrụ nlezianya ule ma mee ndekọ.
3.3.16 Nyocha na ndozi ime bụ afọ abụọ.
4. Enwere ike inwe nsogbu, ihe kpatara ya na nhazi ya
Nkọwa nsogbu |
Ihe nwere ike ịbụ ya |
Usoro mgbapụta |
Leak na mbukota |
Emeghi ezu abịakọrọ mbukota |
Re-ikesiike mbukota aku |
Ezughi oke ibu nke mbukota |
Tinye mbukota |
|
Mbibi mebiri emebi n'ihi ọrụ ogologo oge ma ọ bụ nchebe na-ezighi ezi |
Dochie mbukota |
|
Leak na valvụ na-anọdụ ala ihu |
Unyi oche oche |
Wepu unyi |
Iyi ihu oche |
Mezie ya ma ọ bụ dochie mgbanaka oche ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ valvụ |
|
Ihu ala mebiri emebi ihu n'ihi ike siri ike |
Wepu ihe siri ike na mmiri, mezie ma ọ bụ dochie mgbanaka oche ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ valve, ma ọ bụ dochie ụdị valvụ ọzọ |
|
Leak na njikọ dị n'etiti valvụ ahụ na valvụ valvụ |
Anaghị akpọchi mkpọchi |
Uwe ejiji zuru oke |
Mebiri emebi oche nke valvụ ahụ na valvụ bonnet Flange |
Mezie ya |
|
Gasket mebiri emebi |
Dochie gasket |
|
Agaghị emeghe ma ọ bụ mechie ntụgharị ntụgharị siri ike nke eriri aka ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ valvụ |
Too tightly fastened mbukota |
N'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị esighi ike mbukota aku |
Deformation ma ọ bụ ekwe nke akara akara |
Gbanwee gland |
|
Emebiri valvụ azuokokoosisi aku |
Dezie eri ma wepu unyi |
|
Eyi ma ọ bụ gbajiri valvụ azuokokoosisi eri |
Dochie valvụ azuokokoosisi aku |
|
Bent valvụ azuokokoosisi |
Dochie valvụ azuokokoosisi |
|
Uzo ndu ruru unyi nke uzo uzo ma obu uzo valve |
Wepu unyi na ntuziaka elu |
Rịba ama: Onye ọrụ kwesịrị inwe ihe ọmụma na ahụmịhe dị mkpa na valves.
5. Akwụkwọ ikike
Mgbe etinyechara valvụ ahụ, oge ikike nke valvụ bụ ọnwa iri na abụọ, mana ọ gafere ọnwa 24 mgbe ụbọchị nnyefe gasịrị. N'oge oge ikike, onye nrụpụta ga-enye ọrụ nrụzi ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka mmebi n'ihi ihe, ọrụ ma ọ bụ mmebi ọ bụrụhaala na ọrụ ahụ ziri ezi.
Post oge: Nov-10-2020